“Refuse derived fuel (RDF) is produced from domestic and industrial waste, which includes biodegradable material as well as plastics. Non-combustible materials such as glass and metals are removed and the remaining material is then crushed. The fuel obtained from the waste is used to generate energy in waste recovery plants, many of which are located in Europe and produce electricity and hot water for municipal heating systems.

RDF consists mainly of combustible waste components such as non-recyclable plastics (except PVC), paper board, labels and other corrugated materials. These fractions are separated by various processing steps such as air sorting, ballistic separation, separation of ferrous and non-ferrous materials, glass, stones and other extraneous materials and crushing to a uniform size, or they are also pelletized to obtain a homogeneous material that can be used as a substitute for fossil fuels, e.g. in cement plants, lime kilns, coal-fired power plants, or as a reducing medium in steelmaking furnaces.”